Mercator

The Mercator projection takes its name from the Flemish cartographer Gheert Cremer, better known as Gerardus Mercator, who presented it in 1569. The projection is a cylindrical and conformal, with no distortion along the equator. A major navigational feature of the projection is that a line of constant azimuth is straight. Such a line is called a rhumb line or loxodrome. Thus, to sail from one point to another one only had to connect the points with a straight line, determine the azimuth of the line, and keep this constant course for the entire voyage. The Mercator projection has been used extensively for world maps in which the distortion towards the polar regions grows rather large.

M[lon0/][lat0/]width: Give central meridian lon0 (optional) and standard parallel lat0 (optional).

Out:

<IPython.core.display.Image object>

import pygmt

fig = pygmt.Figure()
fig.coast(region=[0, 360, -80, 80], frame="afg", land="red", projection="M0/0/12c")
fig.show()